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27
2020
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Several production processes and granulation methods of common compound fertilizers
The compound fertilizer produced by this process or method is called blending fertilizer or BB fertilizer. It is characterized by simple process, flexible ratio, raw materials and fertilizers still remain unchanged, relatively intuitive, and easy adjustment of nutrient ratio.
1. Mixing method production technology
This process is the simplest production process of compound fertilizer in China.
The compound fertilizer produced by this process or method is called blending fertilizer or BB fertilizer. It is characterized by simple process, flexible ratio, raw materials and fertilizers still remain unchanged, relatively intuitive, and easy adjustment of nutrient ratio. However, its disadvantage is that the fertilizer is easy to produce the separation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during transportation and application, and the fertilizer is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. At present, most BB fertilizer formulations on the market are of high nitrogen, high potassium and high concentration type, lacking medium and trace elements.
2. Dry powder physical agglomeration production process technology
The dry powder physical agglomeration granulation process technology is to select several fertilizer raw materials dry powder for metering and mixing according to the needs, and use the binder as the cement to granulate in the granulator. The granulation of dry powder mixture needs to be heated, and the amount of liquid phase is increased by adding water or steam, and then it is agglomerated into compound fertilizer particles with a certain particle size in a rolling (disc) or drum. At present, in such processes, acid (especially phosphoric acid) and ammonia are usually added to increase the amount of liquid phase, and the chemical reaction is used to provide heat. Ammonium phosphate generated from the reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia becomes a component of compound fertilizer. The best temperature (50~80 ℃) and the best water content (2.5%~7.5%) of the materials in the granulator shall be controlled to achieve proper granulation conditions. The compound fertilizer manufactured by this process has no substantial difference from the above BB fertilizer in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composition. Only the original smaller particles (powder) are consolidated into particles. Therefore, it can be said that the compound fertilizer produced by this process is deep processing BB fertilizer.
3. Slurry production process technology
Slurry process is the product of reaction of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or some mixed acids with ammonia (sometimes the product of reaction of acid with phosphate rock) as nitrogen phosphorus slurry. Then add potassium salt into the slurry or directly add potassium salt into the granulator, and then spray the nitrogen phosphorus slurry into the granulator, and then react with potassium salt under high temperature to prepare nitrogen phosphorus potassium ternary compound fertilizer. The nutrient in the compound fertilizer produced by this process is very uniform, and the nutrient content and proportion in the large and small particle fertilizers are completely consistent. The physical and chemical properties of particles are first-class. The forms of nitrogen in the fertilizer include ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, so the fertilizer efficiency is better than that of a single urea or single ammonium nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer.
4. Technology of urea based compound fertilizer production by high tower granulation
This process is a new process in China's compound fertilizer production process in recent years, also known as the high tower urea based compound fertilizer process. In fact, it is to melt urea. The molten urine is metered and then sent into the mixer with a melt pump. The heated powdered monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and additives (auxiliary materials) are metered and then added into the heater for heating. The preheated materials are sent into the mixer to mix with the molten urine for reaction, and fully mixed into an additive compound slurry with high solubility and certain fluidity. Then it flows into the rotating nozzle located on the top of the tower by its own gravity, and then spray into droplets. When the droplets fall from the top of the tower, they are in reverse contact with the rising cold air for heat transfer, and crystallize, solidify, and cool into finished particles in the air. The screened large particles are crushed by the crusher and then recycled together with the fine powder as the return material to the heater.
This process is the simplest production process of compound fertilizer in China.
The compound fertilizer produced by this process or method is called blending fertilizer or BB fertilizer. It is characterized by simple process, flexible ratio, raw materials and fertilizers still remain unchanged, relatively intuitive, and easy adjustment of nutrient ratio. However, its disadvantage is that the fertilizer is easy to produce the separation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during transportation and application, and the fertilizer is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. At present, most BB fertilizer formulations on the market are of high nitrogen, high potassium and high concentration type, lacking medium and trace elements.
2. Dry powder physical agglomeration production process technology
The dry powder physical agglomeration granulation process technology is to select several fertilizer raw materials dry powder for metering and mixing according to the needs, and use the binder as the cement to granulate in the granulator. The granulation of dry powder mixture needs to be heated, and the amount of liquid phase is increased by adding water or steam, and then it is agglomerated into compound fertilizer particles with a certain particle size in a rolling (disc) or drum. At present, in such processes, acid (especially phosphoric acid) and ammonia are usually added to increase the amount of liquid phase, and the chemical reaction is used to provide heat. Ammonium phosphate generated from the reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia becomes a component of compound fertilizer. The best temperature (50~80 ℃) and the best water content (2.5%~7.5%) of the materials in the granulator shall be controlled to achieve proper granulation conditions. The compound fertilizer manufactured by this process has no substantial difference from the above BB fertilizer in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composition. Only the original smaller particles (powder) are consolidated into particles. Therefore, it can be said that the compound fertilizer produced by this process is deep processing BB fertilizer.
3. Slurry production process technology
Slurry process is the product of reaction of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or some mixed acids with ammonia (sometimes the product of reaction of acid with phosphate rock) as nitrogen phosphorus slurry. Then add potassium salt into the slurry or directly add potassium salt into the granulator, and then spray the nitrogen phosphorus slurry into the granulator, and then react with potassium salt under high temperature to prepare nitrogen phosphorus potassium ternary compound fertilizer. The nutrient in the compound fertilizer produced by this process is very uniform, and the nutrient content and proportion in the large and small particle fertilizers are completely consistent. The physical and chemical properties of particles are first-class. The forms of nitrogen in the fertilizer include ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, so the fertilizer efficiency is better than that of a single urea or single ammonium nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer.
4. Technology of urea based compound fertilizer production by high tower granulation
This process is a new process in China's compound fertilizer production process in recent years, also known as the high tower urea based compound fertilizer process. In fact, it is to melt urea. The molten urine is metered and then sent into the mixer with a melt pump. The heated powdered monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and additives (auxiliary materials) are metered and then added into the heater for heating. The preheated materials are sent into the mixer to mix with the molten urine for reaction, and fully mixed into an additive compound slurry with high solubility and certain fluidity. Then it flows into the rotating nozzle located on the top of the tower by its own gravity, and then spray into droplets. When the droplets fall from the top of the tower, they are in reverse contact with the rising cold air for heat transfer, and crystallize, solidify, and cool into finished particles in the air. The screened large particles are crushed by the crusher and then recycled together with the fine powder as the return material to the heater.
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